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通讯式学习——统一的机器学习模式 Review

袁路遥, 朱松纯

《工程（英文）》 2023年第25卷第6期页码 77-100 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.10.017

摘要：

In this article, we propose a communicative learning (CL) formalism that unifies existing machine learning paradigms, such as passive learning, active learning, algorithmic teaching, and so forth, and facilitates the development of new learning methods. Arising from human cooperative communication, this formalism poses learning as a communicative process and combines pedagogy with the burgeoning field of machine learning. The pedagogical insight facilitates the adoption of alternative information sources in machine learning besides randomly sampled data, such as intentional messages given by a helpful teacher. More specifically, in CL, a teacher and a student exchange information with each other collaboratively to transmit and acquire certain knowledge. Each agent has a mind, which includes the agent's knowledge, utility, and mental dynamics. To establish effective communication, each agent also needs an estimation of its partner's mind. We define expressive mental representations and learning formulation sufficient for such recursive modeling, which endows CL with human-comparable learning efficiency. We demonstrate the application of CL to several prototypical collaboration tasks and illustrate that this formalism allows learning protocols to go beyond Shannon's communication limit. Finally, we present our contribution to the foundations of learning by putting forth hierarchies in learning and defining the halting problem of learning.

关键词： Artificial intelligencehine Cooperative communication Machine learning Pedagogy Theory of mind

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Enhancing the terrain adaptability of a multirobot cooperative transportation system via novel connectorsand optimized cooperative strategies

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11465-023-0754-2

摘要： Given limited terrain adaptability, most existing multirobot cooperative transportation systems (MRCTSs) mainly work on flat pavements, restricting their outdoor applications. The connectors’ finite deformation capability and the control strategies’ limitations are primarily responsible for this phenomenon. This study proposes a novel MRCTS based on tracked mobile robots (TMRs) to improve terrain adaptability and expand the application scenarios of MRCTSs. In structure design, we develop a novel 6-degree-of-freedom passive adaptive connector to link multiple TMRs and the transported object (the communal payload). In addition, the connector is set with sensors to measure the position and orientation of the robot with respect to the object for feedback control. In the control strategy, we present a virtual leader–physical follower collaborative paradigm. The leader robot is imaginary to describe the movement of the entire system and manage the follower robots. All the TMRs in the system act as follower robots to transport the object cooperatively. Having divided the whole control structure into the leader robot level and the follower robot level, we convert the motion control of the two kinds of robots to trajectory tracking control problems and propose a novel double closed-loop kinematics control framework. Furthermore, a control law satisfying saturation constraints is derived to ensure transportation stability. An adaptive control algorithm processes the wheelbase uncertainty of the TMR. Finally, we develop a prototype of the TMR-based MRCTS for experiments. In the trajectory tracking experiment, the developed MRCTS with the proposed control scheme can converge to the reference trajectory in the presence of initial tracking errors in a finite time. In the outdoor experiment, the proposed MRCTS consisting of four TMRs can successfully transport a payload weighing 60 kg on an uneven road with the single TMR’s maximum load limited to 15 kg. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the structural design and control strategies of the TMR-based MRCTS.

关键词： multirobot system cooperative transportation terrain adaptability trajectory tracking collaborative paradigm uneven road

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卫星移动通信的现状与发展

张乃通,张中兆,初海彬,刘会杰

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第10期页码 11-16

摘要：

介绍了国际上出现的三种星座通信系统，重点分析了几个具有代表性系统的组成、结构、功能及其存在的问题。探讨了卫星移动通信系统的发展趋势，并对发展卫星移动通信做了几点思考。

关键词：卫星移动通信星座通信系统宽带业务

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第三代移动通信——现代无线技术面向IP的应用

邬贺铨

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 69-75

摘要：

文章首先回顾了第一代（模拟）移动通信和第二代（数字）移动通信技术的演进，预测今后10年是移动通信大发展时期，它的用户将超过固定电话用户数。随着因特网的发展，移动通信业务将从话音扩展到数据，移动通信技术也将从电路模式发展到分组模式。文章在简介即将投入应用的第二代半移动通信技术之后，引出面向宽带多媒体应用的第三代移动通信（3GM），重点介绍了被选作3GM国际无线传输技术标准的几种主流方案及其关键技术，特别对其中由我国提交的TD-SCDMA方案的技术特点作了说明，最后展望了网络如何从第二代移动通信过渡到第三代移动通信及3GM核心网发展趋势。

关键词：移动通信第三代移动通信码分多址时分同步码分多址

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Managing economic and social profit of cooperative models in three-echelon reverse supply chain for waste

Jian Li, Zhen Wang, Bao Jiang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第11卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0999-2

摘要： In addition to maximizing economic benefits, reverse supply chains should further seek to maximize social benefits by increasing the quantity of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). The paper investigates cooperative models with different parties in a three-echelon reverse supply chain for WEEE consisting of a single collector, a single remanufacturer, and two retailers based on complete information. In addition, the optimal decisions of four cooperative models and the effect of the market demand of remanufactured WEEE products and the market share of two retailers on the optimal decisions are discussed. The results indicate that optimal total channel profit and recycle quantity in a reverse supply chain are maximized in a centralized model. The optimal total channel profit and recycle quantity increase with an increase in the market demand of remanufactured WEEE products. The three-echelon reverse supply chain consisting of duopolistic retailers maximizes total channel profit and recycle quantity in a reverse supply chain for WEEE.

关键词： Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) Reverse supply chains Recycle quantity Social benefit Cooperative models Duopolistic retailers

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Special issue on 5G wireless communication systems and technologies Editorial

Ping ZHANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2017年第18卷第6期页码 751-752 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1720000

摘要： None

关键词： None

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Benefit-based cost allocation for residentially distributed photovoltaic systems in China: A cooperative

Xi LUO, Xiaojun LIU, Yanfeng LIU, Jiaping LIU, Yaxing WANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第2期页码 271-283 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0083-7

摘要： Distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems have constantly been the key to achieve a low-carbon economy in China. However, the development of Chinese distributed PV systems has failed to meet expectations because of their irrational profit and cost allocations. In this study, the methodology for calculating the levelized cost of energy (LCOE) for PV is thoroughly discussed to address this issue. A mixed-integer linear programming model is built to determine the optimal system operation strategy with a benefit analysis. An externality-corrected mathematical model based on Shapley value is established to allocate the cost of distributed PV systems in 15 Chinese cities between the government, utility grid and residents. Results show that (i) an inverse relationship exists between the LCOEs and solar radiation levels; (ii) the government and residents gain extra benefits from the utility grid through net metering policies, and the utility grid should be the highly subsidized participant; (iii) the percentage of cost assigned to the utility grid and government should increase with the expansion of battery bank to weaken the impact of demand response on increasing theoretical subsidies; and (iv) apart from the LCOE, the local residential electricity prices remarkably impact the subsidy calculation results.

关键词： solar photovoltaic cost allocation cooperative game theory Shapley value mixed-integer linear programming levelized cost of energy

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军事通信抗干扰工程发展策略研究及建议

姚富强

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第5期页码 24-29

摘要：

在阐述军事通信抗干扰装备的覆盖范围和分析外军通信抗干扰发展趋势的基础上，结合我军正在进行的新军事变革和信息化建设，重点研究了我军通信抗干扰工程发展策略的有关问题，并提出了一些初步的建议。

关键词：军事通信抗干扰电子防御

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Cooperative effect between copper species and oxygen vacancy in CeZrCuO catalysts for carbon monoxide

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第6期页码 1524-1536 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2106-2

摘要： The effects of Zr doping on the existence of Cu and the catalytic performance of Ce_0.7−_xZr_xCu_0.3O₂ for CO oxidation were investigated. The characterization results showed that all samples have a cubic structure, and a small amount of Zr doping facilitates Cu²⁺ ions entering the CeO₂ lattice, but excessive Zr doping leads to the formation of surface CuO crystals again. Thus, the number of oxygen vacancies caused by the Cu²⁺ entering the lattice (e.g., Cu²⁺–□–Ce⁴⁺; □: oxygen vacancy), and the amount of reducible copper species caused by CuO crystals, varies with the Zr doping. Catalytic CO oxidation tests indicated that the oxygen vacancy and the reducible copper species were the adsorption and activation sites of O₂ and CO, respectively, and the cooperative effects between them accounted for the high CO oxidation activity. Thus, the samples x = 0.1 and 0.3, which possessed the most oxygen vacancy or reducible copper species, showed the best activity for CO oxidation, with full CO conversion obtained at 110 °C. The catalyst is also stable and has good resistance to water during the reaction.

关键词： Ce–Zr–Cu–O CO oxidation reducible copper species oxygen vacancy cooperative effect

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Multi-UAV cooperative target tracking with bounded noise for connectivity preservation

Rui Zhou, Yu Feng, Bin Di, Jiang Zhao, Yan Hu,jzhao@buaa.edu.cn

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第21卷第10期页码 1413-1534 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1900617

摘要： We investigate cooperative target tracking of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a limited communication range. This is an integration of UAV motion control, target state estimation, and network topology control. We first present the communication topology and basic notations for , and introduce the distributed . Then, convergence and boundedness of the estimation errors using the filter are analyzed, and potential functions are proposed for communication link maintenance and collision avoidance. By taking stable target tracking into account, a distributed potential function based UAV motion controller is discussed. Since only the estimation of the target state rather than the state itself is available for UAV motion control and UAV motion can also affect the accuracy of state estimation, it is clear that the UAV motion control and target state estimation are coupled. Finally, the stability and convergence properties of the coupled system under are analyzed in detail and demonstrated by simulations.

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The role delegation authorization model of a computer-supported cooperative design system

XU Hongxue, LIU Yongxian, SHENG Zhongqi, GUO Xiuying

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第2期页码 201-204 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0034-6

摘要： According to the specific characteristics of a computer-supported cooperative design (CSCD) system, the characteristics of role delegation authorization (RDA) are analyzed and deduced, and a set of fitful status is arrived at. Because of the diversified characteristics of RDA features in different systems, the RDA model has multi-varying status. On the basis of the basic model of role-based access control (RBAC), some basic characteristics of RDA are summed up. Then, according to the specific characteristics of CSCD system, the characteristics of RDA are recombined to develop a RDA model that is suitable for the CSCD system. It is different from the conventional role authorization models of RBAC, that is, it adopts the decentralized authorization management instead of the centralized one in CSCD system, which makes the management more flexible. This model is verified through a specific case of CSCD system.

关键词： fitful RBAC different multi-varying CSCD

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现代通信技术的发展趋势

毕厚杰

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第8期页码 31-34

摘要：

文章综合分析了通信网络、通信终端技术的发展趋势，着重指出我国加强通信软件产业化及发展EDA技术，以迎接入关（WTO）。

关键词：电信网分组化多媒体化移动化通信终端

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Modeling and simulating the impact of forgetting and communication errors on delays in civil infrastructure

Zhe SUN, Cheng ZHANG, Pingbo TANG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第1期页码 109-121 doi: 10.1007/s42524-019-0084-6

摘要： Handoff processes during civil infrastructure operations are transitions between sequential tasks. Typical handoffs constantly involve cognitive and communication activities among operations personnel, as well as traveling activities. Large civil infrastructures, such as nuclear power plants (NPPs), provide critical services to modern cities but require regular or unexpected shutdowns (i.e., outage) for maintenance. Handoffs during such an outage contain interwoven workflows and communication activities that pose challenges to the cognitive and communication skills of handoff participants and constantly result in delays. Traveling time and changing field conditions bring additional challenges to effective coordination among multiple groups of people. Historical NPP records studied in this research indicate that even meticulous planning that takes six months before each outage could hardly guarantee sufficient back-up plans for handling various unexpected events. Consequently, delays frequently occur in NPP outages and bring significant socioeconomic losses. A synthesis of previous studies on the delay analysis of accelerated maintenance schedules revealed the importance and challenges of handoff modeling. However, existing schedule representation methods could hardly represent the interwoven communication, cognitive, traveling, and working processes of multiple participants collaborating on completing scheduled tasks. Moreover, the lack of formal models that capture how cognitive, waiting, traveling, and communication issues affect outage workflows force managers to rely on personal experiences in diagnosing delays and coordinating multiple teams involved in outages. This study aims to establish formal models through agent-based simulation to support the analytical assessment of outage schedules with full consideration of cognitive and communication factors involved in handoffs within the NPP outage workflows. Simulation results indicate that the proposed handoff modeling can help predict the impact of cognitive and communication issues on delays propagating throughout outage schedules. Moreover, various activities are fully considered, including traveling between workspaces and waiting. Such delay prediction capability paves the path toward predictive and resilience outage control of NPPs.

关键词： NPP outage human error team cognition handoff modeling

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车路协同环境下的交通工程

王云鹏,鲁光泉,于海洋

《中国工程科学》 2018年第20卷第2期页码 106-110 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2018.02.016

摘要：

交通工程的产生与发展始终围绕着交通系统中的人车路耦合关系，来实现高效、安全、绿色的目标。载运工具智能化和车路/车车互联推动了车路协同技术的发展，将使交通系统逐渐从车路协调走向车路协同，并进一步提升交通系统的效能与安全。在车路协同环境下，传统交通系统中人为因素弱化，人车路耦合性增强，系统可控可测，随机性减弱，系统的感知、决策及控制主体逐渐从驾驶人转向机器，这给传统交通工程的基础理论方法带来了诸多变化与挑战。本文主要从人车路耦合的角度重点探讨车路协同系统对交通工程的影响，并提出未来发展过程中亟需解决的科学问题。

关键词：交通工程车路协同发展趋势

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Sliding window games for cooperative building temperature control using a distributed learning method

Zhaohui ZHANG, Ruilong DENG, Tao YUAN, S. Joe QIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第3期页码 304-314 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017045

摘要： In practice, an energy consumer often consists of a set of residential or commercial buildings, with individual units that are expected to cooperate to achieve overall optimization under modern electricity operations, such as time-of-use price. Global utility is decomposed to the payoff of each player, and each game is played over a prediction horizon through the design of a series of sliding window games by treating each building as a player. During the games, a distributed learning algorithm based on game theory is proposed such that each building learns to play a part of the global optimum through state transition. The proposed scheme is applied to a case study of three buildings to demonstrate its effectiveness.

关键词： game theory demand response HVAC control multi-building system